Essay on Discourse in A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man

Authoritative Discourse in A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man    In James Joyce's A Portrait of An Artist As A Young Man, the main character, Stephen Dedalus, struggles between his natural instincts, or what Bakhtin calls the "internally persuasive discourse" that "[is not] backed up by [an] authority at all", and his learned response, reinforced by the "authoritative discourse" of religion. To Stephen's "internally persuasive discourse", his natural sex drive is not 'wrong'. It is only after he succumbs to the "authoritative discourse" of religion that he learns that such a natural human drive is 'bad'. Thus, he learns that it is wrong to succumb to sex: he does not think that it is bad on his own. In this case, the "authoritative discourse" that considers sexual drive to be 'bad' becomes Stephen's "internally persuasive discourse". He learns that his natural urges are wrong and, as a result, he learns to deny them and pretend them to be nonexistent. This is how the "authoritative discourse" becomes Stephen's "internally persuasive discourse".   Ã‚  Ã‚   The evidence that Stephen relies on his senses is best shown by the description of how much he has to deny his senses in order to reach the "discourse" of religion.    Each of his senses was brought under a religious discipline. In order to mortify the sense of sight he made it his rule to walk in the street with downcast eyes, glancing neither to right nor left and never behind him. His eyes shunned every encounter with the eyes of women (162-3).    However, there is a natural impulse from which he cannot escape: and that is his sense of touch. He may try to deny it in all possible ways but he cannot wholly escape it. This sense of touch is what causes ... ...567-75. Epstein, Edmund L.   The Ordeal of Stephen Dedalus.   Carbondale and   Edwardsville:   Southern Illinois U P, 1971. Givens, Seon, ed.   James Joyce:   Two Decades of Criticism. New York:   1948. 2nd ed.   1963. Goldman, Arnold.   The Joyce Paradox:   Form and Freedom in his Fiction.   Evanston,   IL:   Northwestern U P,   1966. Halper, Nathan.   The Early James Joyce.   Columbia Essays on   Modern Writers.  Ã‚   Ed.   George Stade.   New York:   Columbia U P, 1973. Joyce, James.   A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.   The Portable James Joyce.   Ed.  Ã‚   Harry   Levin.   New   York:   Penguin, 1976. Levin, Harry.   "The Artist." James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man:  Ã‚   Text, Criticism, and Notes.   Ed.   Chester G. Anderson.   New York:   Penguin,   1968.   399-415. Wright, David G.   Characters of Joyce.   Dublin:   Gill and Macmillan, 1983.   

Physical Education Essay

1. A self-reports are completed by the subjects themselves. Proxy reports are completed for someone who is unable to self-report accurately. A recall is a survey asking to ‘recall’ what they did at a certain time in the past (their activities). 2. A recall is answering questions asking about past events where as a diary is updated daily on an overview of many things and is on more than the recall. 3. The sources of error: Poor respondent memory and/or motivation Susceptibility to socially desirable responses Under-estimation of incidental activities Low sensitivity to change. Individual variation in intensity within the same activities 4. Questionnaires are given to the participant before physical activity, to get the basic information about the participant including name, age, recent injuries, what they know about the physical activity, recent sporting activity they have been involved in etc. Pg 327 1. A setting is typically a geographical area or insinuation containing a large, ‘captive’ audience where health messages can be delivered efficiently. 2. Settings approach can be used for health promotion to get people more active. Within the setting based approach, the choice to be physically active can be made convenient, easier, safer and enjoyable by creating an environment to help the participation in physical activity. This will result in getting more people active. This statistic can then be used in advertising campaigns to promote health. 3. List possible settings in which intervention strategies could be applied. home school community workplace 4. List the possible settings the World Health Organisation has identified. schools workplaces cities  clinical Pg 334 1. Read more:  The Importance of Physical Education Characteristics of a school setting for suitable setting physical activity. A major role in providing a physical and social environment so that children can enjoy an active life. A school setting has the can reach all children, providing an opportunity to reach even inactive children. 2. The difficulties experienced of applying the experienced in applying intervention strategies in a school setting are that if there is no pressure is placed on students and teachers, a big decline in participation could occur. 3. The World Health Organisation suggests that policy-makers in education should: strengthening national policies related to physical education providing sufficient playgrounds and sport facilities on school premises increasing physical activity in cultural and leisure programs and events 4. A workplace setting makes an ideal location for delivering physical activity strategies. Many Australian adults spend a number of hours at work and travelling to and from work. In the workplace, adults are grouped together in the one location, which makes it promoting a strategy easy, influencing many adults at once. Student activities Pg 319 1. The adult did not meet the National Physical Activity Guidelines 2. The individual averaged 3 hours of physical activity a week 3. The individual was only active on 2 days each week 4. The individual got most of their physical activity from work (Occupational) 5. 480 minutes per day was the average sedentary behaviour 6. For a 15 year old the individual did not meet the National Physical Activity Guidelines 7. The young person was only slightly under recommended minute for screen time, on screens an average of one and a half hours a day 8. The individual most common physical activity is soccer playing four times a week for two hours 9. The young person was much more active on week days participating in sport classes and soccer, whereas on weekend spent most of their time on screens. 10. Did not participate in any â€Å"other† physical activities Pg 326 1. BHCS does meet the mandate with all ages groups with the amount of hours given to physical activity 2. The mandate from the department of education and early can be inforced by monitoring schools by sending a worker to schools to check the physical activity routine 3. Primary school could open up lunchtimes to dedicated sports involving children in them and give teaches training in physical education for a broader knowledge. Chapter Review Questions Pg 338 1. a) Describe three reasons physical activity is assessed at the population level? Determine the amount of physical activity required to influence specific health area. Identify biological, psychological and environmental factors that influence physical activity. Study the relationship between physical activity and health conditions. For example, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, mental health, and obesity. b) The difference between a recall and a survey is a recall (remember) is what they did either yesterday, last week, last month or last year depending on the measurement of time used. Usual a survey is how much physical activity you do in a typical week. c) A physical activity log is the personal record of the individual’s physical activity. This is different to a recall survey because a recall is to recollect what they did either yesterday, last week, last month etc. d) A proxy reports are sometimes used for someone who is unable to self-report in a reliable way. They may be completed for a child by a parent. 2. a) A error of a recall survey could be that the participant answers sounds more socially accepted. They could also forget physical activity they have done, more often forgetting incidental physical activity. b) To get better quality data, you make it clear that if there is anything that the participant don’t understand. You can also explain to the individual what incidental physical activity is. c) Both GPAQ and MARCA surveys have the potential to measure physical activity over all domains d) There are three different measures to tell you if you have done 150mins a week. Two only calculate the 150 minute guideline. The third measure calculates both 150 minutes and 5 sessions, (the guidelines for physical activity). 3. a) The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire is a recall instrument its purpose is to assess physical activity patterns. b) Sedentary behaviour is assessed by using a 16 item GPAQ questionnaire. 4. The Active Australia Survey can measure: physical activity based on a log recording a week walking for transport moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity gardening and yard work physical activity differently from the National Health Survey 5. a) The most commonly used measurements in Australia to assess children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour is the MARCA and CLASS surveys b) No the CLASS survey is not the same as a recall survey, a recall measures the amount of physical activity during a previous day/week/month. The CLASS survey measures the amount of physical activity on a typical day or weekend. c) You would assess physical activity before and after an intervention program to see what the change in physical activity behaviour is. 6. a) A setting is typically a geographical area or insinuation containing a large, ‘captive’ audience where health messages can be delivered efficiently. b) Three physical environment approaches are: Develop well-equipped playgrounds with playground equipment, line markings on courts, walls, grassed areas and goalposts. Establish walking/cycling paths around the school perimeter for use by students, families and the community. Ensure speed humps, signage, roundabouts in streets around schools to increase safety for pedestrians and cyclists. 7. Describe what the notion ‘walk-ability’ refers to and how it is measured. Walkability is the measure of the overall walking conditions of an area. Factors that are commonly assessed in walkability are; crossings, lighting, shade, access to footpaths, driver behaviour, traffic calming, safety and crime. 8. a) Schools should be providing: Prep to Year 3: 20-30 minutes of physical education a day Years 4-6: 3 hours a week of physical education and sport with a minimum provision of 50 per cent for physical education Years 7-10: 100 minutes per week each for physical education and sport Schools are recommended in providing 2-3 hours of physical activity b) List 5 factors that could be potential barriers to classroom teachers delivering physical education classes in primary schools: Little amounts funds put towards physical education, limiting what equipment school has No spare classes for physical education. Computer devices being promoted in the schools, children are becoming less interested in physical education A lack of equipment or space Not enough training for teachers c) Three strategies that could be implemented to assist primary schools in meeting this mandate and overcoming some of the barriers: lack of equipment, you could get some of the children sporting equtment Lack of space, play games inside the classroom Lack of training, organise a training for the teachers.

Describe the main strengths and weaknesses of Utilitarianism Essay

Strengths * Utilitarianism is simple. It doesn’t have a lot of complex rules, but instead the individual can decide would be the ‘best’, by how it affects others. * It is flexible: no law or principle is unchallengeable. * It allows for circumstance, so you can decide what is the best thing to do given the current circumstance. * It ties in with the Christian ethic of unconditional love, as preached by Jesus. * If someone believes that both lying and breaking promises are acts that are intrinsically wrong, utilitarianism provides a principled way in which they can choose which moral rule to break if forced to make a choice between them. * The emphasis on impartiality, unselfishness and altruism is to be commended. * There is no need to consider precedents as absolute – just because one action worked for someone does not mean that it must be enforced again, when it may not work for someone else. * It is also attractive to secular thinkers, because it makes no grand claims to the supernatural or metaphysical. It appeals to tangible results – the consequences of an action will be perceived. Weaknesses * What do we mean by happiness? What makes us happy? It is hard to define happiness as it varies with person to person. * Should happiness always be pursued? What if we can only be happy if we achieve it in a ‘bad’ way? Like if a murderer is only happy if he kills someone. * How can we say that happiness from one pleasure is greater than from another? There is no way to tell if a genius is any more happy than someone not so clever. * Humans do not always treat each other equal. We care more about the people close to us and would give them more consideration in an ethical dilemma. Some would claim that utilitarians are simply idealistic and unrealistic because they do not accurately evaluate human behaviour and just assume we are all perfect, caring equally for everyone. * It is impossible to be certain about a consequence, which is a general problem with teleological ethics. * It is very difficult to measure pleasure given by any outcome. It will take a great deal of time, thought and study, considering effects on both people and the situation. * Can we compare one person’s happiness to another person’s happiness? * If only the total happiness counts, imagine these two situations: [A] 80% population live very well and are very happy because the other 20% are their slaves. [B] There are no slaves and everyone is happy but not as happy as the 80% in situation A. The total and average happiness in both situations is the same, therefore to a utilitarian there is no difference between the two, and both are equally morally right, but slavery is considered wrong. * Is Act Utilitarianism too demanding? Someone buys a TV for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500, which would make them happy; but they could also spend the money saving 1000 lives in Africa. Some Act utilitarians would argue that, yes, we should send most of our money overseas, since that would create the most happiness for the most people, but is that too demanding? * The refusal to acknowledge intrinsically wrong acts: a judge might convict an innocent man in order to prevent a riot that would ensue if he were not convicted – a utilitarian would argue that this is permissible because more people would be made unhappy by the lack of a conviction and the riot; but is it intrinsically wrong to imprison or execute an innocent man? * Act utilitarians might accuse Rule utilitarians of being legalistic: what’s the point, they could say, of following a rule when it is clear that the consequences will decrease happiness? In their view, past experience can only give guidelines, not rules. * Rule utilitarianism may just be act utilitarianism in disguise: all the rules are focussed around the maximisation of happiness. Rule utilitarians believe that the best way to maximise happiness is to maximise happiness with every act- but this is just act utilitarianism. * Human rights, justices, and other such values may not have any place in a utilitarian ethical system if the wishes of the majority override them. * Christians, Muslims, and others of religious faith would argue that god decides what is rights, and what is the best outcome; it is not four humans to try to calculate. * Utilitarianism ignores ‘meaning well’ – benevolent motives. * Utilitarianism â€Å"seems to require more of a human that many are capable of providing† * Just as there are no absolutes for determining acts which are intrinsically wrong, there is also no way to define what is universally good. * There must be sufficient account taken of the minority view – the majority are not always right, even though the satisfaction of their wishes might create the most happiness.

Earth Is Precious Essay

The seven continents are the seven main land areas on the Earth. Some are joined to each other, and some are completely surrounded by water. Some continents have a lot of countries, but others have only a few. Erin Ate Nine Sticky Apricots At Aprils. If you can remember this mnemonic device called an acrostic then it is easy remember all Continents names as the first letter of each word corresponds with the first letter of a continent. These continents are: Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Australia, Antarctica, Africa! Interestingly the names of all the continents end with the same letter with which they start. It is believed that in past ,all continents were joined, this land area was called Pangaea .This area started to break up & got divided into 7 parts ,so today we have 7 continents .These continents are still moving away or moving close to each other. This is called continental drift or plate tectonics theory. For example Europe & North America are said to be moving 7 cm apart every year. Asia It is the largest continent .It covers one-third of earth’s surface. Also it is the biggest in terms of population in the world. Half of the world population lives here. World’s two most populous countries, China & India are in this continent. It has 30% of world land area & 60% of population It is the birth place of great religions – Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity It is also the place of great ancient civilizations- Chinese, Harrapan. It is the home of the 10 highest mountain peaks in the world. Mount Everest , the highest mountain in the world is here only . Africa It is the second largest continent. It is also called Dark Continent as for long time not much was known about this continent due to its difficult inhabitable terrain. It is the home of the Nile ,the longest river in the world. It is also the home of the Sahara, the largest desert in the world. The equator passes through the middle of Africa continent ,so it receives direct sunlight throughout the year. So it has hot climate throughout the year. World’s hottest place Ethiopia is also in Africa continent. Africa is very rich in minerals.Ninety five percent of the worlds’s diamonds and more than 50% of the world’s gold comes from Africa. 66% of world’s chocolate comes from Africa. Australia Australia is the largest island (island is a place which is surrounded by water from all sides).It is also the smallest continent in the world. It is also known as â€Å"island continent†. Australia continent has only one country ,which is Australia itself.It lies entirely south of the equator and is called land down under. The name Australia comes from the Latin word australis which means Southern, it seems it was named as Southern place because it lies entirely south of equator. Today the full official name of Australia is Commonwealth of Australia. Two thirds of Australia is flat desert. Australia is home of three unique animals: platypus ,mammal that lays eggs, the kangaroo,which carries its young in a pouch,the emu ,a large bird that does not fly. Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef,it is made up of coral deposits & is about 2000 kilo meters long Australia is also known for its various type of Eucalyptus trees.There are over 500 varieties. Australia ‘s sheep population is more than its human population. Its sheep population is 14 times more than its human population.This is why Australia stands first in the production & export of wool in the world. Antratica Antarctica is a frozen land area around the South Pole.It is also called â€Å"Frozen Continent† . Antarctica is the highest, driest, windiest, emptiest, coldest place on earth. Antarctica contains 75% of the ice in the world.It is estimated that ice is 4 km thick. It looks all white, that is why it is also known as â€Å"White Contnent†. Antarctica also contains about 70% of the world’s fresh water Antarctica is the windiest continent on earth. . The water of the Antarctica is so cold that nothing can rot here. . The coldest natural temperature ever recorded in the world was in Antarctica. It was as low as –89.2 °C (–129 °F) . Europe It is believed that Europe is named originally after ‘Europa’ who was a Phoenician Princess from Greek Mythology.. In Europe , there are no deserts.It is the only continent without any deserts. Venice, the world’s smallest country is in Europe . Most of the countries of Europe use a single currency called the Euro. Germany is the most populous country in Europe, Industrial revolution is said to have originated in Europe only & from here it spread to whole world. North America North America was named after the explorer Americo Vespucci. North America is the only continent that has every kind of climate The population density is approximately 22.9 per square kilometer, which is the largest for any continent in the world. North America is around twice the size of Europe. Lake Superior in North America is the largest fresh water lake in the world. It is located on the border between the United States and Canada. It is also known as â€Å"New World† North America is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. South America Andes i,n South America, form the Second Highest Mountain System in the World next to the Himalayas(in Asia). They are Young Fold Mountains. Mt. Aconcagua is the Highest Peak (7,021 m) of The Andes. The Angel Falls of South America ,is the Highest Waterfall in the World. It also has the world’s largest river –Amazon (by volume of water).The name Amazon comes from Native American name for the river ‘Amazunu’ meaning ‘big wave’.In length ,it is the second longest river in the world (6440 km) South America is also the home of anaconda,one of the world’s largest snakes.

Business Product Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Product Analysis - Coursework Example Coke was initially developed by pharmacist John Styth Pemberton in year 1886 (Biswas & Sen, 1999). In the history of 112 years, Coca-Cola has entrenched itself into American culture. In 1994, the American use was more than 773 million servings of Coca-Cola, Sprite; diet Coke, Fanta and additional products of the coke corporation. The corporation's drink products comprise bottled plus canned drinks fashioned through self-governing plus business owned bottling plus canning operations (Wikipedia, 2009), (Bellis, 1997), and (The Coca-Cola Company, 2008). The Coca Cola Company has truthfully one of the supreme stories in U.S. history.' The technique in which the company has pressed on and endured the taste of time makes an impression up till now their harshest detractor.' The Coca Cola Company has a dread exciting history and still an additional assuring future.' Their industry policy, all along with an extremely devoted customer base, has guided The Coca Cola Company to the position of boss of the market (Pendergrast, 2000), (Bellis, 1997), (Biswas & Sen, 1999) and (The Coca-Cola Company, 2008). At the present time, the Coca Cola Company is working with a network of license bottlers. It has fifty three bottling divisions aligned among 26 corporations. Each of these bottlers previously was performing business through Parle's Ramesh Chouhan, after his sale of drink products to Coke. As for each contract signed among Coke and bottlers, the previous provisions to them through soft drink focus. According to the latest plan and policy of the coca cola, the Coke bottlers will stop to remain self-governing entities; in its place, depending on physical positions, they will be amalgamated into one of the super bottling corporations. Believing the enormous impending of enlargement of the whole worldwide marketplace, coca cola desires to increase the marketplace by 40 % for each annum (Wikipedia, 2009), (Biswas & Sen, 1999), (Bellis, 1997), and (Olson, 2005). Fundamental Marketing Strategies The Coca Cola Corporation is capable to attain its aims and objectives by means of the product development or distribution technique or promotional features. In fact, better management from the plant place to the sales services that corporation presents, something could be employed to differentiate (Riz, 2009). The product forms a center in the differentiation policy in the middle of the other P's of the Marketing Mix policy. Product Differentiation is extremely significant in product management for the Coca Cola and has potential in forming flourishing marketing strategies (Pendergrast, 2000). Here I have presented the Coca-Cola Mission Statement and Objective that is developed after the huge marketing study and brand positioning research (Thecoca-colacompany, 2007) and (Wikipedia, 2009). 1.)'''''' To Refresh the World in mind, body and spirit. 2.)'''''' To motivate Moments of Optimism, in the course of our brands and our actions. 3.)'''''' To Create Value and Make a Difference, all over the place we engage. 4P's marketing Mix Models This section presents the analysis how Coca-Cola can produce a better marketing through

Goodpaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goodpaster - Essay Example Since the statement has not categorized the stakeholders, it means that it will treat all participants who are involved in transaction equally. The mission statement also aims at ensuring that stakeholders achieve maximum satisfaction. This indicates that this statement is based on the utilitarian ethical critical thinking technique. The article argues that utilitarian principle is classified under normative ethics and it aims at providing maximum utility to all parties who are involved in an organization. Normative ethics is a field that aims at differentiating right from wrong (Goodpaster 5). Therefore, it means that if the disutility that stakeholders get from an organization surpasses the utilities, it means that the company acts unethically. The organization should, therefore, analyze the effects of its actions during the formulation of policies to ensure that they produce more benefits than costs when they are implemented. Goodpaster argues that companies should conduct the analysis when formulating policies that deal with both the internal and the external environment (3). Therefore, from the views of Goodpaster, the mission statement is ethically

Big Data, Business Intelligence, and Data Analytics in Decision Making Essay

Big Data, Business Intelligence, and Data Analytics in Decision Making - Essay Example It resources and strategies have therefore contributed the following to the companies. It is the interest of businesses to thrive the most in terms of dominating the market share of where they aim to dispose their products. This cannot take place if the company does not understand some of the dynamics that it experiences over time and respond to them appropriately as a management concern. Understanding of these dynamics can lead to designing of better strategies to shelve the main competitors in the scramble for better ways of bringing a widening the market base of the products. To make a good understanding of the dynamics, the companies much understand all the data related to the company so that they can make a much more informed decision. Analysis of these data can only be done with the assistance of IT knowledge (Sathi, 2012). In this sense, IT software is able to process heavy bundles of data from all types and subsequently unravel the hidden correlations and patterns associated with the data. This information will be helpful for companies to create a way of having a competitive advantage over the rivals in the business enabling them to enjoy benefits that comes with business such as effective marketing strategy as well as revenue increment for the company (Sathi, 2012). IT services such as those given by the Big Data Analytics are of paramount importance to businesses in the sense that they make it easier for business to make decisions based on material facts. IT services enable the business to make rational conclusion on some of the data that are not tapped by the conventional businesses intelligence systems that have been used to help in making business decision (Ohlhorst, 2012). Without IT assistance in the business, huge volumes of data that relates to the business can go unattended to given the fact that traditional business intelligence analysis cannot process them so that important inferences can be drawn from them. Information such as those from We b servers, activities drawn from the social media reports, details of the mobile phone calls, information extracted from sensors, and the information from the internet click stream (Ohlhorst, 2012). Big data and bid data analytics are able to use this unconventional data to allow business make informed choices on how to go about their businesses in terms of making steps ahead of their competitors and increasing their revenue base over time. It is thus advisable for companies that have long-term strategies in business to go the IT way in most of their activities. This is in conformity with the fact that timely information in business, more so those that are in a highly competitive landscape is an essential tool in shielding the competitors off the game (Ohlhorst, 2012) A case Study: Wal-Mart Stores Wal-mart stores is one of the leading private companies in the world with the highest number of employees according the report released by the fortune 500. As such, the company has to put a lot of spirited fight in the market to keep with the standard it has set over the last years. In view of such, the company must engage the services of the Bid data to provide them with the critical information that will help them make decision regarding what strategies they should use to satisfy the demand of their customers. For example, though the services of the IT, they are able to know which grocery is liked by many